![]() It has been suggested that this accurate spatial coding is based on the estimation of distance and direction relative to landmarks, particularly environmental boundaries such as walls or edges ( Barry et al., 2006 O'Keefe and Burgess, 1996). This ability is manifested in the activity of neurons that fire at particular locations in space, such as place cells or grid cells ( Hafting et al., 2005 O'Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971), and population activity of place cells can distinguish nearby positions at several centimeter resolution in an open field arena ( Brown et al., 1998). ![]() Rodents, for example, are able to discriminate positions within an open field arena by relying on distal cues in the room, allowing them to navigate to a desired location ( Morris, 1981). IntroductionĪnimals use landmarks in the environment as references to identify the self’s position and a destination in space. Finally, RSC border cells fire prospective to the animal’s next motion, unlike those in MEC, revealing the MEC-RSC pathway as an extended border coding circuit that implements coordinate transformation to guide navigation behavior. Pharmaco- and optogenetic inhibition of MEC led to a disruption of border coding in RSC, but not vice versa, indicating allocentric-to-egocentric transformation. These egocentric representations are generated independent of visual or whisker sensation but are affected by inputs from MEC that contains allocentric spatial cells. Border cells in RSC specifically encode walls, but not objects, and are sensitive to the animal’s direction to nearby borders. ![]() Here we investigate the relationship between neurons in the rat's retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and entorhinal cortex (MEC) that increase firing near boundaries of space. The brain encodes information within each reference frame but their interactions and functional dependency remains unclear. ![]() Spatial navigation requires landmark coding from two perspectives, relying on viewpoint-invariant and self-referenced representations. ![]()
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